Viral infection

Viruses are ubiquitous and cause a wide spectrum of disease in humans ranging from asymptomatic infection, severe debilitating illness, and sudden death. Viruses are broadly classified as ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid base on the genome.

During infection, a virus must attach itself to a cell that it then commandeers and injects with its nucleic acid. The virus genetic code overrides the host cell’s genetic code, using the host cell to carry out the virus’s activities and to reproduce viral particles that leave the host cell and infection other cells.

Transmission of blood-borne viruses can result from sexual intercourse and maternal-fetal transmission on the community setting, needle stick injury and other exposure-prone procedures in the health-care setting.

Viruses have long been known to cause certain infections diseases, and many of them produce a long-lasting immunity against re-infection by the same virus.

Traditionally, the epidemiological control of most viral infections depends on the isolation of cases, quarantine of contracts, personal protection by infection control measures and mass vaccination, because specific antiviral treatment is generally not available for most viral infections.
Viral infection