So What Makes Swine Flu Illness Different From Seasonal Flu?

So What Makes Swine Flu Illness Different From Seasonal Flu?
By Kirsten Whittaker
The swine flu illness, or A (H1N1) was given pandemic status by the World Health Organization (a mark of its ability to spread, rather than the severity of the illness) on June 11, 2009. So far the illness has struck more than a million in the U.S. alone, yet scientists are still learning some very basic things about this organism, unknown in humans until April 2009 in Mexico.

It seems that this newest flu virus affects the lungs and stomach, while seasonal flu viruses tend to leave these organs untouched. The intriguing research reports appear in the July 2, 2009 online edition of Science.

In experiments with ferrets (because flu effects them in the same way as humans), teams in the U.S. and the Netherlands found that the new strain of flu virus replicated more extensively in the respiratory tract. The seasonal flu virus remained mostly in the animals' nasal cavities. The A (H1N1) virus also found its way into the ferret's intestinal tract, again unlike its seasonal counterpart.

When it comes to the new virus' ability to spread, the research teams differ.

The Dutch scientists found that swine flu is just as easy to transmit as the regular flu, while the U.S. team found A (H1N1) less likely to be spread when compared to seasonal flu. They believe that the respiratory droplets don't seem to transmit A (H1N1) viruses as well as they do the regular flu virus.

"Findings from the study demonstrate that, in ferrets, the novel 2009 H1N1 influenza virus leads to increased morbidity and increased respiratory disease when compared to contemporary seasonal human influenza viruses," explains researcher Terrence M. Tumpey, a senior microbiologist in the influenza branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

But just because this flu might not be as easily spread does not mean that H1N1 can't cause trouble, serious trouble, once in the human body.

Health officials are convinced they will be able to create a vaccine for A (H1N1)... but the challenge is vaccine making isn't an exact science or a quick process. As it is scientists take a calculated risk every year in choosing which strains of flu virus to protect against.

These latest findings are helpful according to U.S. researchers as they suggest to authorities what the appropriate public health response might be.

Only two weeks ago, U.S. health officials mentioned that they were thinking about a swine flu immunization campaign that might involve an amazing 600 million doses of the vaccine.

Seasonal flu, by contrast, calls for the administration of about 115 million vaccinations per year; childhood vaccines total 150 million doses annually.

Still to be worked out is finding the health care professionals to administer all those shots, and a way to keep track of side effects from the vaccinations.

"One thing we know for sure about influenza viruses is that they are unpredictable," Tumpey cautioned. "The characteristics that the virus is displaying today might not hold true in the upcoming months."

So what can you do to protect yourself and your family until a vaccine is ready?

Here are five common sense suggestions from the experts.

1. Wash your hands as much as possible - use the warmest water you can, lather up with soap and rub your fingers, palms, and even under your nails and up your wrists for two choruses of "Happy Birthday". If you're without soap and water, hand sanitizers serve very well.

2. Cover up when you cough or sneeze - using your shoulder, or the crook of your elbow to capture the droplets that are sent into the air and contain the infectious organisms. Wash your hands right away.

3. If you're sick, stay home - if you develop aches, fatigue, fever, coughing or sneezing - don't push yourself... stay home. Call your doctor for advice or an appointment, especially if you have an underlying health condition.

4. Don't touch your face - it's such a natural impulse, but it's also a direct route to the bloodstream for unwanted germs, flu viruses included. Keep your hands away from those mucous membranes - eyes, nose and mouth - as much as possible.

5. Stay away from sick people - not easy, if you're a parent (or spouse) of someone struggling with A (H1N1) flu... or the coworker of someone who refuses to call in sick. Limit time with this person as much as possible. Up your hand washing after whatever contact you have. Use a face mask if you must be very close or the patient is coughing or sneezing quite a bit.

If you do come down with A (H1N1) the good news is that the illness is generally mild you're your recovery will likely be fairly quick. And though the virus is spreading around the world, it has shown no signs, as yet, of mutating to a more dangerous form.

Your best bet in the face of the unpredictableness of swine flu illness is to stay informed, keep up your hand washing and follow all other infection control procedures faithfully, even when it seems the worst has passed.

Next just head on over to the Daily Health Bulletin for more information on how to protect your family from swine flu illness, plus get 5 free fantastic health reports to keep you in tip top condition.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kirsten_Whittaker

Swine Influenza Virus H1N1

Viruses of the classical H1N1 lineage were the dominant cause of influenza among pigs in North America from their first isolation.

Classical H1N1 viruses have also been isolated from pigs in South America, Europe and Asia.

There is only limited evidence of maintenance of human H1N1 influenza viruses after natural introduction into swine populations but human H3N2 viruses have been recovered frequently from pigs in Asia and Europe.

Experimental infection studies have shown that pigs can be infected with a wide range of avian influenza virus (AIVs) and naturally acquired infections of pigs with AIVs have also been documented from multiple areas of the world.

In particular, an avian H1N1 virus introduction into pigs Europe in late 1970s spread throughout much of the European continent and United Kingdom and ultimately became a dominant cause of swine flu in these areas.

These avian-like H1N1 viruses have also undergone genetic/antigenic drift and have spread from pigs to domestic turkeys.

The occurrence of influenza virus infections in pigs poses two important public health issues: zoonotic infections of people with swine influenza viruses and the potential for pigs to serve as hosts for the creation of novel viruses of pandemic potential for the human population.

Infections with swine influenza viruses is generally limited to the respiratory tract, with virus replication demonstrated in epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa, tonsils, trachea, lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes.

Swine flu is an acute infections and virus clearance is extremely rapid. In most experimental studies, nasal virus shedding begins on day 1 postinoculation (P1) and ceases within 7 days.

Likewise, swine influenza virus could not be isolated from lungs or other respiratory tract tissues after day 7.

Infections with H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtype viruses are clinically similar, and viruses of all subtypes have been associated with acute respiratory episodes in most European countries.

Disease onset is sudden, after an incubation period of 1 – 3 days. Disease signs typically appear in a large percentage of animals of all ages within a herd or epidemiological unit.
Swine Influenza Virus H1N1

The 1976 Swine Flu Fiasco

The 1976 Swine Flu Fiasco
Shortly after new army recruit and soldiers returning form the Christmas holidays arrived at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in January 1976, an outbreak of influenza ensued.

Most of the illness remained mild with only a few hospitalized victims. One sick recruit refuse to answer sick call died from influenza related pneumonia.

Tests showed that he and three others had been infected with and H1N1 swine virus, while all the others had been infected with a variant of the H3N2 virus hat had been circulating every year since it was introduced to human population in 1968.

There had been a few reported cases of human infection by the swine flu since 1974, but the virus had grown so adapted to pigs that it no longer adjusts well enough in the human host to be transmitted from person to person.

Fearful that the H1N1 subtype of 1918 had begun to resurface within the human population, with the prospect of a similar pandemic, scientist debated the issue and considered what should be done to prevent such a disaster.

Some scientists believed this was not the same type variant of 1918, while many others feared it could be.

President Ford at that time, following recommendations coming out of the debate announced in March the federal government’s intent to immunize the entire population of the United States against the swine flu to prevent a disastrous outbreak expected in the fall of 1976, similar to the 1918 pandemic.

Congress appropriated $135 million for the vaccination program.

Ten days after the vaccinations began, three elderly individuals with the heart conditions died shortly after receiving their shots. The news media jumped on this to create fear of the vaccine.

This prompted President Ford and his family to encourage people to take the shots by televising their own vaccinations.

Over 40 million people did receive the vaccine before the program ended in December.
The 1976 Swine Flu Fiasco