Viral conjunctivitis, typically caused by adenoviruses, is highly contagious and associated with symptoms such as redness, watery discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eye. Adenoviruses are also known for causing respiratory infections, which can accompany eye symptoms. Viral conjunctivitis spreads quickly through direct contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated objects like towels or eye makeup, and its contagious period can last up to two weeks, even after symptoms start to fade. Another viral cause is the herpes simplex virus, though it is less common and generally more severe, sometimes leading to corneal involvement that requires antiviral treatment.
Bacterial conjunctivitis, commonly caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, presents with different symptoms, including a thick, yellow-green discharge that can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially in the morning. This type of conjunctivitis can spread through direct contact with eye secretions, respiratory droplets, or contaminated hands and surfaces. In some cases, it can lead to complications if untreated, such as keratitis, an infection of the cornea.
Preventive hygiene practices are crucial for controlling the spread of conjunctivitis. Regular hand washing with soap and water, avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, and refraining from sharing personal items like makeup, towels, or contact lenses can greatly reduce transmission. Those infected should minimize close contact with others and disinfect surfaces like doorknobs, faucets, and electronic devices.
Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves within one to two weeks without medication, but cool compresses and artificial tears can relieve symptoms. Bacterial conjunctivitis, however, often requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments, which can speed recovery and reduce contagion risk.
In summary, infectious conjunctivitis is a highly contagious condition that demands proper hygiene and, when necessary, medical intervention. By practicing effective preventive measures and seeking appropriate treatment, individuals can manage symptoms and help prevent the condition’s spread.
Understanding Infectious Conjunctivitis: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment
